Banks
The banks, mortgages, credits, we lent and its concepts
Welcome to the Web of the banks, where you found information on mortgages, we rendered, credit cards, debit, and all the related one to the banks like the banking commissions, domiciliaciones, transferences, etc. You will know whichever receives the bank to you by all these concepts and more, but before anything we know that it is a bank, its history and in which consists. In the lateral menu you will be able to sail by the different pages and to know in depth all these subjects.
All this one material I have compiled it of different sources in Internet but mainly of wikipedia, I have wanted to join it and to organize it for a easier understanding, I hope that it is to you of utility.
Banks
A bank is a financial institution. It is a public establishment whose services have to do with the subject of loans, credits, changes, etc. That is to say, are organizations that they have like function to take resources (money) from people, companies or another type of organizations and, with these resources, to give credits on which they ask for them; that is to say, they make two fundamental activities: the pick up and the positioning.
The bank, or the banking system, is the set of organizations or institutions that, within a determined economy, serve of bank
- History of the bank
In the Average Age, the moneychangers (today we say bankers), outdoors had their office in the positions that was granted to them in the turn fairs, or under soportales. This office was very simple because it was a bank and a plank as a table of operations; that plank is what the bank was called. In her the money was counted, the payments and the collections and all type were made of banking operations.
In each city, the moneychangers, helped by the authorities, organized the plan of operations for their work of every day. In Spain, in the city of Medina of the Field (Valladolid), where the annual fairs were very serious and really important something, this shed it was delimited and it protected by chains that were tied to granite pillars, to defend themselves of the circulation and the passers-by. The moneychangers, thus protected, did their work, seriously and with honesty, fulfilling the settled down norms. If some tried to act of dishonest way, to abuse and to skip the rules to make easy money, there same and publicly they ended with his profession and its bank, that was broken by force of blows. It is the famous broken bank that today we know like bankruptcy, although at the present time the physical act does not exist to break the office.
- Typical banking Activities
The pick up, as its name indicates it, means to catch or to collect money of the people. This money, depending on the type of account that has a person (account of savings, counts current, upon maturity fixed certificates of deposit, etc.) gains interests (I interest of pick up); that is to say, since to the bank she interests that the people or companies put their money in him, this one to him pays to them an amount of money by the fact that they put the money in the bank.
The positioning is in opposition to the pick up. The positioning allows to put money in circulation in the economy; that is to say, the banks take the money or the resources that they obtain through the pick up and, with these, grant credits to the people, companies or organizations who ask for them. To give to these loans the bank it receives, depending on the type of loan, an amount of money that is called interests (I interest of positioning).
Knowing that the banks pay an amount of money to the people or organizations who put their resources in the bank (I interest of pick up) and that they receive money to give loans to that or who ask for them (I interest of positioning), we can be asked: from where obtains a bank its gains? The answer to it is that the positioning interests, in most of the countries, are higher than the pick up interests; that is that the banks receive more to give resources than what they pay to catch them. To the subtraction between the interest rate of positioning and the one of pick up intermediation margin is denominated to him. The banks, therefore, obtain more gains at the most great is the intermediation margin.
Rate positioning interest - interest rate of pick up = intermediation margin.
We can conclude of all the previous one that the banks act like intermediaries. Its business is to outside deal with money as if any other type of or or merchandise.
The money that the banks gather through the pick up cannot be used in its totality for the positioning; part of this money is destined to which embroider is denominated, whereas what it is it frees is used to grant loans. The embroider is a percentage of the total of the deposits that receive the financial institutions, which is due to conserve permanently, or in cash in its boxes or their accounts in the central bank. The embroider has as aim to guarantee the return of the money to the economizers or clients of the bank in case that they ask for or of that appear problems to him of money to the financial institutions. Of this form, the risk of the loss of the money of the economizers is diminished.
At the present time, the change in the necessities of the companies, families and institutions, has led back the banking activity orienting it to the services, that become their main source of income by the reduction of intermediation margin, reduction more mature accusing the more is the financial system of a country and the more low they are the types of interest. The payment means (cards, checks, transferences), to guarantee the good aim of the international trade between the parts, assuring the solution in import-export, intermediation in financial markets and operations with great companies and public institutions, mark the approach of the bank like companies of universal financial services. Separate mention deserves the important enterprise participation of the great bank, another great source of business and power for these institutions, arriving to form powerful multinational groups with interests in the diverse areas.
Depending on the laws of the countries, the banks can act additional as to before mentioned; for example to negotiate actions, bonds of the government, currencies of other countries, etc. When these activities make them a single bank denominates universal bank or multiple bank. Also, these activities can be made of separated way by specialized banks in one or more activities in individual. This denominates specialized bank.
Independent of the types of banks, these allow that the money circulates in the economy, that the money that some people or organizations have available can happen to that they do not have it and that asks for it. Of this form it facilitates the activities of these people and organizations and improves the performance of the economy in general. Of previous colige the importance of the bank in the economic history of the humanity.
- Classes of bank
According to the origin of the capital:
* Banks public: The capital is contributed by the state.
* Private banks: The capital is contributed by particular shareholders.
* Mixed banks: Its capital forms with private and official contributions.
According to the type of operation:
* Current banks: They are most common whereupon it operates the public in gral. Their habitual operations include deposits in cta. cte, savings bank, loans, cobranzas, payments and cobranzas by accounts of third, safekeeping of titles and values, rents of safe-deposit boxes, financing, etc.
* Specialized banks: They have a specific credit purpose.
* Banks of issue: At the moment they are preserved like official banks.
* Central banks: They are the banking houses of superior category that authorize the operation of credit organizations, they supervise them and they control.
